Assay
Financial-condition grades for SEC filers
Company Report · as of Oct 9, 2026
|
| International Business Machines Corp.IBM · business equipment | |
|---|---|
| Grade |  Eweakest fifth of 497 graded peers; percentile 87.3, sampling error 2.2 points; lower is stronger |
| Rank | 434 of 497 |
| Profitability | Cpercentile 54.3 |
| Solvency | Epercentile 82.9 |
| Growth and financing | Cpercentile 53.6 |
| Reliability | 0.94 AUCfailure model, filers with over $2.67B assets; 95% interval 0.88 to 0.97; 61 events, 2020 to 2025 |
| Peer failure rate | 0.52% a yearItem 1.03 bankruptcies, same asset band, 2012 to 2025 |
| Size band | over $2.67B assetstotal assets $151.9B[1] |
| Standard universe | insiderevenue above $1M and assets above $10M[1-2] |
| Warnings | none activenot computable: distress |
| Inputs computable | 8 of 14 |
| Graded from | filings received through Feb 24, 2026227 days before the rescan; every figure keyed to the SEC receipt date |
| Last close | $226.582026-10-08; market equity $213.5B; iex feed |
| Price used in grade | None |
| Share price, twelve months to the rescansplit-adjusted close; a lollipop at every rescan carries the letter held then; baseline ticks are SEC receipt dates of the inputs; ranges and dragging scroll the full history | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Percentile at every rescan on file, Jan 21, 2012 to Oct 9, 2026; stronger toward the top. Hover for the date. Open this report as it stood on | ||||||||||||||||||||
Each date opens the report as it stood on that rescan. |
Business, in the company's words. Opening of Item 1 of the 10-K received Feb 24, 2026; the document on sec.gov.
International Business Machines Corporation (IBM or the company) was incorporated in the State of New York on June 16, 1911, as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. (C-T-R), a consolidation of the Computing Scale Co. of America, the Tabulating Machine Co. and The International Time Recording Co. of New York. Since that time, IBM has focused on the intersection of business insight and technological innovation, and its operations and aims have been international in nature. This was signaled over 100 years ago, in 1924, when C-T-R changed its name to International Business Machines Corporation.
The Fourteen Inputs [top]
Lower percentile is stronger. Source numbers open the SEC filing; a range that spans filings opens the sources table.
| Input | Percentile, 0 to 100 | Value | Source | Peer median | Percentile | Peers | Period end |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profitability, sleeve percentile 54.3 | |||||||
| Gross profitability | 25.9% | [1,3] | 28.5% | 51.5 | 558 | 2025-12-31 | |
| Return on invested capital | not computable | 10.9% | |||||
| one or more required annual facts are missing | |||||||
| Accruals ratio | (1.8%) | [1,4-6] | (7.4%) | 81.1 | 621 | 2025-12-31 | |
| Gross margin stability, five years | 1.5 pts | [2-3,7-14] | 2.4 pts | 30.4 | 429 | 2025-12-31 | |
| Solvency, sleeve percentile 82.9 | |||||||
| Twelve-month failure probability | not computable | 0.05% | |||||
| latest liabilities, cash plus short-term investments, book equity, and shares are required | |||||||
| Altman Z double-prime | not computable | 2.18 | |||||
| one or more required annual facts are missing | |||||||
| Net debt to EBITDA | not computable | 1.11x | |||||
| one or more required annual facts are missing | |||||||
| Interest coverage | not computable | 3.77x | |||||
| one or more required annual facts are missing | |||||||
| Current ratio | 0.96x | [15-16] | 2.02x | 82.9 | 666 | 2025-12-31 | |
| Growth and financing, sleeve percentile 53.6 | |||||||
| Revenue growth, three-year compound | 3.7% | [2,8,10,12] | 6.4% | 56.2 | 538 | 2025-12-31 | |
| Free cash flow growth, three-year compound | 10.0% | [5,17-23] | 17.2% | 57.7 | 268 | 2025-12-31 | |
| Reinvestment rate | not computable | 14.3% | |||||
| one or more required annual facts are missing | |||||||
| Asset growth, three years | 6.1% | [1,6,24-25] | 5.0% | 44.1 | 563 | 2025-12-31 | |
| Net share issuance, one year | 1.2% | [26-27] | 0.5% | 56.4 | 407 | 2026-02-10 | |
Gross profitability. Revenue less cost of goods sold, over total assets.
Accruals ratio. Net income less operating cash flow, over average assets; lower is stronger.
Gross margin stability, five years. Standard deviation of gross margin; lower is stronger.
Twelve-month failure probability. CHS model; lower is stronger.
Net debt to EBITDA. Lower is stronger.
Net share issuance, one year. Split-adjusted; lower is stronger.
Sleeves are equal-weighted; within a sleeve each computable input carries equal weight. Composite 0.315; sampling error 2.2 percentile points on 497 peers.
Among 497 Peers [top]
Composite score of every graded peer, smoothed. Vertical rules are the letter band edges at the 20th, 40th, 60th and 80th percentiles. Small dots are the six largest peers by market equity.
| Rank | Company | Percentile | Letter | Warnings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 429 | My Size, Inc. (MYSZ) My Size, Inc. (MYSZ) Eweakest fifth; percentile 86.3 Nasdaq · Services-Prepackaged Software market equity $983,451; last close $1.38 Warnings: dilution, short runway, late filer; 8 of 14 inputs | 86.3 | E | dilution, short runway, late filer |
| 430 | Beam Global (BEEM) Beam Global (BEEM) Eweakest fifth; percentile 86.5 Nasdaq · Miscellaneous Electrical Machinery, Equipment & Supplies market equity $24.7M; last close $1.08 Warnings: dilution, short runway, late filer; 8 of 14 inputs | 86.5 | E | dilution, short runway, late filer |
| 431 | XTI Aerospace, Inc. (XTIA) XTI Aerospace, Inc. (XTIA) Eweakest fifth; percentile 86.7 Nasdaq · Services-Computer Programming Services market equity $31.0M; last close $0.80 Warnings: dilution, short runway, late filer, fortress balance sheet; 9 of 14 inputs | 86.7 | E | dilution, short runway, late filer, fortress balance sheet |
| 432 | Energy Vault Holdings, Inc. (NRGV) Energy Vault Holdings, Inc. (NRGV) Eweakest fifth; percentile 86.9 NYSE · Miscellaneous Electrical Machinery, Equipment & Supplies market equity $601.9M; last close $3.31 Warnings: late filer; 8 of 14 inputs | 86.9 | E | late filer |
| 433 | Microvast Holdings, Inc. (MVST) Microvast Holdings, Inc. (MVST) Eweakest fifth; percentile 87.1 Nasdaq · Miscellaneous Electrical Machinery, Equipment & Supplies market equity $224.5M; last close $0.58 Warnings: late filer, fortress balance sheet; 9 of 14 inputs | 87.1 | E | late filer, fortress balance sheet |
| 434 | International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) International Business Machines Corp. (IBM) Eweakest fifth; percentile 87.3 NYSE · Computer & office Equipment market equity $213.5B; last close $226.58 No active warnings; 8 of 14 inputs | 87.3 | E | |
| 435 | Sabre Corp. (SABR) Sabre Corp. (SABR) Eweakest fifth; percentile 87.5 Nasdaq · Services-Computer Programming, Data Processing, Etc. market equity $778.9M; last close $1.94 No active warnings; 7 of 14 inputs | 87.5 | E | |
| 436 | AXT Inc. (AXTI) AXT Inc. (AXTI) Eweakest fifth; percentile 87.7 Nasdaq · Semiconductors & Related Devices market equity $4.7B; last close $71.59 No active warnings; 9 of 14 inputs | 87.7 | E | |
| 437 | Birchtech Corp. (BCHT) Birchtech Corp. (BCHT) Eweakest fifth; percentile 87.9 NYSE · Measuring & Controlling Devices, NEC market equity $37.9M; last close $1.48 No active warnings; 7 of 14 inputs | 87.9 | E | |
| 438 | SemiLEDs Corp. (LEDS) SemiLEDs Corp. (LEDS) Eweakest fifth; percentile 88.1 Nasdaq · Semiconductors & Related Devices market equity $18.9M; last close $2.34 Warnings: fortress balance sheet; 8 of 14 inputs | 88.1 | E | fortress balance sheet |
| 439 | Fortive Corp. (FTV) Fortive Corp. (FTV) Eweakest fifth; percentile 88.3 NYSE · Industrial Instruments For Measurement, Display, and Control market equity $17.2B; last close $56.43 No active warnings; 12 of 14 inputs | 88.3 | E |
| Peer policy | Letter | Percentile | Peers |
|---|---|---|---|
| all graded filers, equal sleeves | E | 81.5 | 2204 |
| sector peers, equal sleeves (the grade) | E | 87.3 | 497 |
| same exchange, equal sleeves | D/E | 80.2 | 984 |
| sector peers, equal inputs | D | 73.8 | 497 |
Each letter is one fifth of the 497 graded peers, about 99 companies. A boundary letter (A/B, B/C, C/D, D/E) marks a percentile within one sampling error of a band edge.
What the Price Implies [top]
Market measures at the 2026-10-08 close. None enters the grade. Percentile among graded peers with the same measure.
| Measure | Value | Peer median | Percentile | Reading |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Twelve-month price change, skipping the latest month | (15.0%) | 2.2% | 35 | hotter than 35 of 100 peers |
| Distance from 52-week high | (31.2%) | (30.0%) | 48 | closer to its high than 48 of 100 peers |
| EBIT to enterprise value | not computable | 1.5% | required accounting or market input is missing | |
| Free cash flow yield | 5.7% | 2.7% | 71 | pricier than 29 of 100 peers |
| Book value to price | 0.16 | 0.23 | 37 | pricier than 63 of 100 peers |
| Sales to price | 0.32 | 0.30 | 51 | pricier than 49 of 100 peers |
| Composite equity issuance, five years | (16.1%) | 3.9% | 18 | more equity-funded than 18 of 100 peers |
| Relative strength against the sector, log excess return | (0.44) | (0.26) | 35 | ahead of 35 of 100 peers |
Inputs: market equity $213.5B; free cash flow $12.1B; book equity $34.5B; sales $67.5B; debt $56.2B; cash $7.2B[28].
Diagnostics [top]
Diagnostics do not feed the grade.
| Piotroski F-score: 6 of 9, period end 2025-12-31 | ||
|---|---|---|
| Return on assets above zero | 7.7% | ✓ pass[4,6] |
| Operating cash flow above zero | $13.2B | ✓ pass[5] |
| Return on assets improved | 3.3 pts | ✓ pass[4,6,24,29] |
| Operating cash flow exceeds net income | $2.6B | ✓ pass[4-5] |
| Long-term leverage fell | 1.3 pts | ✗ fail[1,6,24,30-31] |
| Current ratio improved | (8.5 pts) | ✗ fail[15-16,32-33] |
| No new shares issued | 1.2% | ✗ fail[26-27] |
| Gross margin improved | 1.5 pts | ✓ pass[2-3,7-8] |
| Asset turnover improved | 2.8 pts | ✓ pass[2,6,8,24] |
| Cash, filings, liquidity | |
|---|---|
| Cash and equivalents | $7.2B[34] |
| Operating cash flow, four quarters | $14.9B[5,34-38] |
| Months of runway | not finite |
| trailing operating cash flow is nonnegative, so runway is not finite | |
| Late filings, two years | 0 |
| NT 10-K or NT 10-Q | |
| Days since last periodic filing | 78 |
| 10-Q received Jul 23, 2026 | |
| Median daily dollar volume | $1.4B |
| 63 sessions | |
| Days since newest grade input | 227 |
Downloads [top]
|
Sources [top]
Every citation on this page. Filing opens the SEC index page for that submission; viewer opens the SEC interactive data for the same filing; series opens the SEC XBRL API record for that tag and company.
| # | Concept | XBRL tag | Value | Period end | Received | Form | Links |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | assets | us-gaap:Assets | $151.9B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 2 | revenue | us-gaap:Revenues | $67.5B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 3 | gross profit | us-gaap:GrossProfit | $39.3B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 4 | net income | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss | $10.6B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 5 | operating cash flow | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | $13.2B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 6 | assets | us-gaap:Assets | $137.2B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 7 | gross profit | us-gaap:GrossProfit | $35.6B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 8 | revenue | us-gaap:Revenues | $62.8B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 9 | gross profit | us-gaap:GrossProfit | $34.3B | 2023-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 10 | revenue | us-gaap:Revenues | $61.9B | 2023-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 11 | gross profit | us-gaap:GrossProfit | $32.7B | 2022-12-31 | 2025-02-25 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 12 | revenue | us-gaap:Revenues | $60.5B | 2022-12-31 | 2025-02-25 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 13 | gross profit | us-gaap:GrossProfit | $31.5B | 2021-12-31 | 2024-02-26 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 14 | revenue | us-gaap:Revenues | $57.4B | 2021-12-31 | 2024-02-26 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 15 | current assets | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent | $36.9B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 16 | current liabilities | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent | $38.7B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 17 | capital expenditure | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | $1.1B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 18 | operating cash flow | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | $13.4B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 19 | capital expenditure | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | $1.0B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 20 | operating cash flow | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | $13.9B | 2023-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 21 | capital expenditure | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | $1.2B | 2023-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 22 | operating cash flow | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | $10.4B | 2022-12-31 | 2025-02-25 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 23 | capital expenditure | us-gaap:PaymentsToAcquirePropertyPlantAndEquipment | $1.3B | 2022-12-31 | 2025-02-25 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 24 | assets | us-gaap:Assets | $135.2B | 2023-12-31 | 2025-02-25 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 25 | assets | us-gaap:Assets | $127.2B | 2022-12-31 | 2024-02-26 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 26 | shares outstanding | dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding | 938,034,404 | 2026-02-10 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 27 | shares outstanding | dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding | 927,264,332 | 2025-02-10 | 2025-02-25 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 28 | shares outstanding | dei:EntityCommonStockSharesOutstanding | 942,134,390 | 2026-06-30 | 2026-07-23 | 10-Q | filing · viewer · series |
| 29 | net income | us-gaap:NetIncomeLoss | $6.0B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 30 | long term debt | us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent | $54.8B | 2025-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 31 | long term debt | us-gaap:LongTermDebtNoncurrent | $49.9B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 32 | current assets | us-gaap:AssetsCurrent | $34.5B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 33 | current liabilities | us-gaap:LiabilitiesCurrent | $33.1B | 2024-12-31 | 2026-02-24 | 10-K | filing · viewer · series |
| 34 | cash | us-gaap:CashAndCashEquivalentsAtCarryingValue | $7.2B | 2026-06-30 | 2026-07-23 | 10-Q | filing · viewer · series |
| 35 | operating cash flow | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | $7.8B | 2026-06-30 | 2026-07-23 | 10-Q | filing · viewer · series |
| 36 | operating cash flow | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | $5.2B | 2026-03-31 | 2026-04-23 | 10-Q | filing · viewer · series |
| 37 | operating cash flow | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | $9.2B | 2025-09-30 | 2025-10-23 | 10-Q | filing · viewer · series |
| 38 | operating cash flow | us-gaap:NetCashProvidedByUsedInOperatingActivities | $6.1B | 2025-06-30 | 2026-07-23 | 10-Q | filing · viewer · series |
Limitations [top]
Grade boundary. Percentile 87.3 is 7.3 points from the nearest band edge; sampling error is 2.2 points.
Peer group. Sector assignment from four-digit SIC codes, hand-tuned and published. The grade under three alternative peer policies is tabled above.
Size. Within a sector the letter tracks size. Among graded filers in the smallest asset band, 72% grade E and 0% grade A; in the largest, 13% grade E and 21% grade A. Universe as of Oct 9, 2026.
Failure model. filings 2012-01-01 to 2019-12-31 fit, filings 2020-01-01 to 2025-12-31 test; status post hoc pending confirmation. pre-registered on 2026 filings once their 12-month outcome windows close; supported if the paired per-quintile gain over the pooled model has a lower bound above 0.05.
Input validity. Revenue or total assets at or below $100,000 sets the degenerate-inputs flag. An input whose denominator is at or below $100,000 is left not computable rather than ranked.
Returns. No input on this page has a post-2015 confidence interval on returns that excludes zero. The grade ranks reported financial condition and is not a return forecast.
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